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Paying for sugar in health 糖的代價

(added on 2010/11/09)

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World Diabetes Day is observed on 14 November. For 2009 - 2013, the theme of World Diabetes Day is "Diabetes Education and Prevention", which aims to raise public awareness of diabetes risks and control.

Diabetes is a significant economic burden for public health systems worldwide. The map shows the estimated health (health care and prevention) expenditure for diabetes by country in 2010. As depicted by graduated colours, North American and European countries are allotting a higher percentage of health expenditure on diabetes than those in Africa. This can also be a reflection of the national priorities in controlling diabetes over other disease conditions. The banknote symbols show the top 30 countries in actual spending for diabetes.

Data for this map were obtained from a research report of International Diabetes Federation.

每年11月14日是世界糖尿病日。世界糖尿病日以教育和預防為題，藉以提升公眾對糖尿病風險及控制的認知。

糖尿病為全球公共衛生系統帶來沉重的經濟負擔。地圖顯示2010年各國用於糖尿病的估計醫療（包含公共衛生）開支。依圖中顏色所示，北美及歐洲國家的開支比例，一般較非洲地區為高。地圖顏色同時反映了各國對控制糖尿病所取的優先次序。紙幣符號標示了全球三十個糖尿病醫療開支最高國家的估計所涉金額。

地圖數據源自國際糖尿病聯合會的研究報告。

Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which affects sugar regulation in the body. There are two types of DM: Type I, Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and Type II, Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). In Type I DM, the body has problem in producing beta cell in the pancreas (beta cells are responsible for producing insulin). Type II DM is characterised by insulin resistance instead. Insulin is a sugar-metabolizing hormone, the lack of which can lead to high blood sugar, and the presence of sugar in the urine. This is the phenomenon behind the name DM, which literally means sweet and excessive urine.
糖尿病是一種體內糖份控制出現問題的代謝疾病，分一型胰島素依賴型及二型非胰島素依賴型兩種。一型糖尿病者，身體的胰臟未能分泌足夠的β細胞去生產胰島素。而二型則是由於身體出現對胰島素的抗阻現象，令胰島素不能發揮功效。胰島素是促使糖份代謝的賀爾蒙，其缺乏或抗阻可令血糖上升，尿液中含有葡萄糖，是顧名思義的『糖尿』。

Insulin 胰島素

Insulin is a hormone released from pancreas to facilitate the process of turning glucose into glycogen and triglyceride for storage in our body. Insulin injection may be used to control blood sugar level of Type I diabetes patients or Type 2 diabetes patients whose blood sugar level cannot be controlled merely with oral medications. Raised blood sugar may cause serious damage of the nerves and blood vessels, thereby increasing the risk of heart diseases, stroke, retinopathy causing visual loss, kidney failure and neuropathy.

World Diabetes Day falls on 14 November, which is also the birthday of Frederick Banting, one of the medical scientists who discovered insulin in 1922.

胰島素是一種由胰臟分泌的激素，用作促進葡萄糖轉化成肝糖及甘油三酸脂，以便儲存於體內。注射胰島素可幫助控制一型糖尿病患者或不能單靠口服藥物來控制病情的二型糖尿病患者的血糖水平。血糖過高會破壞血管和神經線，從而增加患上心臟病、中風、視網膜病變、腎衰竭及神經系統疾病的風險。每年十一月十四日是世界糖尿病日，亦是其中一位發現胰島素的醫學家班廷的生日。