Story maps
故事地圖
Cholera in Africa 霍亂在非洲
©2010 SpatioEpi.com
Data source: UN Water Statistics & WHO.
Map created by CUHK SpatioEpi Group
Map shows the distribution of reported Cholera cases by country in Africa in the year 2007, expressed in graduated colours from yellow (low) to red (high). The blue coloured symbols in varying sizes represent the percentage national population with access to sanitation facilities.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo had the highest reported number of Cholera cases (28269) followed by Ethiopia (24121) and Republic of Angola (18422). It appears that access to sanitation goes contrary to cholera caseload. Ethiopia, for example, had the second lowest access to sanitation facilities amongst all African countries, at 8%, only after Lesotho, 6%. The percentage access for Congo is also low at 9%, while that for Angola is 16%.
Cholera is a waterborne infectious disease. Limitation of safe water supply and poor sanitation are the known risk factors.
地圖顯示二零零七年非洲的霍亂情況，以漸變顏色，顯示每個國家呈報個案由低（黃色）至高（紅色）的分佈。藍色的漸變圖示代表各國人口得到清潔食水資源設備的百份比。
在非洲，剛果民主共和國是錄得最多霍亂呈報個案的國家，達28269宗；其次是埃塞俄比亞，24121宗及安哥拉共和國，18422宗。一般而言，霍亂的發生和清潔水源成反比。埃塞俄比亞是非洲國家中水資源設備最少的榜末第二名，只有8%，位居萊索托之後，只有6%。剛果和安哥拉則分別是9%和16%。
霍亂是經水傳播的傳染病，最重要的風險因素是不安全供水及惡劣的水資源設備。
Related Article
Cholera 霍亂
What is Cholera? 什麼是霍亂?
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Incubation period can vary from a few hours to 5 days. Watery diarrhoea with rice-water like stool and vomiting are common symptoms seen amongst patients, which may lead to severe dehydration and death if no immediate medical attention and treatment given.
霍亂是由霍亂弧菌引起的急性腸道感染。潛伏期由幾小時到五天不等。常見癥狀有大量腹瀉，糞便呈米湯狀及嘔吐。如無適當治療，霍亂可導致病人嚴重脫水及死亡。
How does it spread? 如何傳播？
Cholera is a waterborne disease which is acquired through ingestion of food or water contaminated by V.cholerae. Person to person transmission is unlikely.
霍亂是水傳疾病，通過進食或飲用受霍亂弧菌污染的食物或食水而傳播。人與人之間的真接傳播並不常見。
Vaccine? Prevention?疫苗？如何預防？
Cholera vaccines, (including oral forms) are available. World Health Organization (WHO) is currently evaluating the role of mass vaccination as a public health measure for protecting at-risk population. Hydration is an important treatment strategy. Improving safe water supply, sanitation, food safety and public health education are the best strategies for preventing cholera in the long term.
霍亂疫苗，包括口服疫苗，經已面世。世界衛生組織目前正評估為高風險人群接種霍亂疫苗的公共衛生政策的可行性。對病者來說，補充失去水份至為重要。最佳的預防霍亂策略，長遠重點是改善供應安全水、加強衛生設施、保障食物安全及提供公共衛生教育等。
Related maps 相關地圖
Other resources 其他資訊
Organisations 有關機構
- UN Water Statistics
- Sanitation, WHO
Further information 詳細資料
- Cholera, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, HKSAR
- Cholera, CDC
- Cholera, WHO