Story maps
故事地圖
Protected together, #VaccinesWork 接種疫苗 共防疾病
©2018 SpatioEpi.com
Data source: Public Health England
Map created by CUHK SpatioEpi Group
Through the universal vaccination programme, the United Kingdom has achieved elimination status for measles in 2016. This does not, however, mean that measles has disappeared in this country. Since late 2017, measles outbreaks were confirmed in five areas of England. The map shows the distribution of the affected areas and the coverage of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination at 2 years of age in the second quarter of 2017 in England.
As indicated by the red asterisk, measles outbreaks took place in West Midlands, West Yorkshire, Cheshire & Liverpool, Surrey and Greater Manchester. As depicted by graduated colours, coverage of MMR vaccines in the neighborhood of the affected areas was generally lower than that in the other parts of England. Apparently, communities with low MMR vaccination coverage are vulnerable to measles, even in a country with an overall high vaccine uptake.
Measles and other childhood infections are global health problems. To encourage people to take collective effort to increase immunisation coverage for the greater good, World Immunization Week 2018 is observed from 24 - 30 April.
Data for the map were obtained from Public Health England.
通過全民疫苗注射計劃，英國於2016年達到消除麻疹的公共衛生水平，但這並不代表麻疹已經絕跡。自2017年尾，麻疹在英格蘭五個地區爆發。地圖顯示受影響地區的分佈及英格蘭於2017年第二季兩歲兒童的麻疹、流行性腮腺炎、德國麻疹混合疫苗的覆蓋率。
圖中紅色星號標示出五個受麻疹爆發影響的地區，包括西密德蘭、西約克郡、柴郡及利物浦、舒梨郡和大曼徹斯特。依圖中顏色所示，受影響地區的麻疹混合疫苗的覆蓋率普遍較其他英格蘭地區為低。縱使英格蘭大部分地區的麻疹疫苗接種率已很高，零散地區的稍低疫苗覆蓋率已能促使麻疹在個別社區傳播。
麻疹和其他兒童傳染病是全球公共衛生問題。為鼓勵各國繼續共同努力，提高免疫接種覆蓋率，令整體社會得益，本年的4月24至30日已被定為世界免疫週。
地圖資料源自英格蘭公共衛生署。
Related Article
Measles 麻疹
What is measles? 什麼是麻疹?
Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by Measles virus. Incubation period usually ranges from 7 to 18 days.
Affected persons present initially with cold-like symptoms, such as runny nose, sneezing and cough. Other early symptoms include fever, sore and red eyes and small greyish-white spots in the mouths. These are followed 3 to 7 days later by red-brown blotchy rash, which usually spreads from the head or upper neck to the rest of the body.
The infection usually clears in around 7 to 10 days, and lifelong immunity will be developed. Serious complications like pneumonia and encephalitis do occur, and could cause death especially in children under the age of 5.
麻疹是由麻疹病毒引致的疾病，具高度傳染性，潛伏期一般為7至18天。
患者初時會有與傷風相似的病徵，如流鼻水、打噴嚏及咳嗽，其他感染初發病徵則有發燒、眼紅眼痛及口腔內出現白點。3至7 天後皮膚會出現污斑紅疹，通常由頭部或上頸擴散到全身。
大部分患者可於7至10天內自行痊癒，並有終身的免疫力。麻疹會引起肺炎及腦炎等併發症，對五歲以下兒童構成嚴重威脅，可以導致死亡。
How does it spread? 如何傳播?
Measles virus can be spread by droplets that come out of the nose and mouth from an infected person during coughing or sneezing. The virus can also be transmitted by direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected persons, or articles soiled with nasal or throat secretions. An infected person can be infectious from the time of symptoms development until about four days after appearance of the rash.
麻疹病毒可經患者打噴嚏或咳嗽時所噴出的飛沫傳播，直接接觸病人的鼻喉分泌物或被鼻喉分泌物污染的物件亦可傳播麻疹病毒。麻疹患者自出現病徵到出疹後四天內均可把病毒傳染他人。
Vaccine? Prevention? 如何預防?
There is no specific treatment for measles, but vaccination is effective to prevent the disease. Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine can be administered by injection for immunisation against measles. Children should follow the recommended schedule of local childhood immunisation programme for vaccination.
現時並沒有特效藥物治療麻疹，但接種疫苗可有效預防此病。現時麻疹的免疫接種主要是注射麻疹、流行性腮腺炎及德國麻疹混合疫苗，兒童應根據當地的免疫接種計劃的時間表接種疫苗。
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