Story maps
故事地圖
Risk behind numbers 數字背後的危機
© 2016 SpatioEpi.com
Data sources: HPV information centre, Int. J. Cancer, Jpn J Clin Oncol and Chang Gung Med J
Map created by CUHK SpatioEpi Group
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmittable virus. Most HPV infections do not cause symptoms whilst several viral strains could lead to genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancer. HPV-16 and HPV-18 are of the most high risk genotypes within the HPV family. Currently there are vaccines that can prevent HPV. The bivalent, quadrivalent and 9-valent vaccines are protective against both HPV-16 and HPV-18. The new 9-valent HPV vaccine has an extended protective coverage to 7 other HPV types.
The map shows the crude incidence rate of cervical cancer and the prevalence ratio of HPV-16 and HPV-18 in countries in the Asia Pacific. A higher incidence rate is found in countries of south and south-east Asia. Generally prevalence of HPV-16 is much higher than HPV-18 in most of the countries. Currently HPV vaccine is not commonly used in most of the countries. Regular screening remains the most effective means to prevent cervical cancer. Implementation of a comprehensive cervical cancer screening programme carries important public health impacts, the coverage of which would directly influence the incidence rate of cervical cancer.
Data for this map were obtained from the HPV information centre, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Int. J. Cancer, Jpn J Clin Oncol and Chang Gung Med J.
人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)是一種經性行為傳播的常見病毒。其大部分感染不會引起病徵，但部分病毒類型會引致尖銳濕疣及增加患子宮頸癌機會。其中以16及18基因型的致病性風險至高。現今有疫苗能夠預防HPV感染：無論是兩價、四價或九價疫苗，均對16及18型發揮保護作用。新的九價疫苗更加能將保護伸展至另外七個HPV類型。
地圖顯示子宮頸癌於亞太地區的粗患病率及HPV16及18型的盛行率。南亞及東南亞地區皆錄得較高患病率。整體而言，16型於大部分國家的盛行率遠比18型為高。現時疫苗尚未在大部份國家普及使用，要有效預防子宮頸癌，接受定期篩查至為重要。推行全面子宮頸篩查計劃是具公共衛生價值的策略，其覆蓋率直接影響各地的子宮頸癌患病率。
資料源自加泰隆尼亞腫瘤學學院 HPV資訊中心, Int. J. Cancer, Jpn J Clin Oncol and Chang Gung Med J。
Related Article
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 人類乳頭瘤病毒
What is HPV? 什麼是人類乳頭瘤病毒?
HPV is a DNA virus belonging to the papillomavirus family, which consists of over 150 types. Most of the virus types do not cause symptoms but some may cause genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancers. HPV-16 and HPV-18 account for 70% of all cervical cancer cases. Other high risk HPV types include 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 66.
HPV是一種屬於乳頭狀病毒科的DNA病毒，其中包括超過150類型。大部分類型均不會引起徵狀但部份能夠引致尖銳濕疣及增加患上子宮頸癌風險。70%的子宮頸癌個案由16及18型引致。其他高風險HPV類型包括31、33、35、39、45、51、52、56、58、59及66型。
How does it spread? 如何傳播?
HPV is spread primarily through sexual intercourse. People with an early age of sexual debut, having multiple partners, smokers and those with poor immune function are more prone to have persistent HPV infection and a higher risk of progressing to cervical cancer. Mother-to-child transmission, though uncommon, has also been observed.
HPV主要於性行為期間性器官接觸傳染。較早的首次性交年齡，擁有多個性伴侶，吸煙及免疫功能差均有機會促使HPV持續感染並增加患上子宮頸癌風險。另外懷孕期間胎兒亦有機會從母親感染，但並不常見。
Vaccine? Prevention? 如何預防?
HPV infection is vaccine preventable. Currently there are three available vaccines : Gardasil, Cervarix and Gardasil 9, which protect against 4, 2 and 9 HPV types respectively. Center for Diseases Control and Prevent of USA suggests that all boys and girls at age 11 and 12 should get vaccinated. Currently it is not included in the universal vaccination programme of Hong Kong, so citizens who wish to be vaccinated need to pay themselves. Practising safer sex can also reduce the risk of having HPV.
HPV感染是能夠以疫苗預防。現時有三種疫苗「加衛苗」、「卉妍康」及「加衛苗9」，分別保護4、2及9類型HPV。美國疾病控制與預防中心建議所有11至12歲男女孩接種HPV疫苗。香港現時並沒有將HPV疫苗納入免疫接種計劃當中。市民如有興趣接種均需自費。安全性行為亦可減低感染HPV風險。
Related maps 相關地圖
Other resources 其他資訊
Organisations 有關機構
- Cervical screening programme, DH
Further information 詳細資料
- Cervical cancer, CHP
- Genital HPV infection, CDC
- HPV and cervical cancer, WHO
- Cervical cancer awareness campaign, HK Cancer Fund
- HPV Information Centre