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New crown at the helm (updated) 新冠上場 (更新)

(updated on 2015/08/13)

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Ten years ago in 2003 Hong Kong was hard hit by the SARS outbreak, an infection caused by a coronavirus, now referred as SARS-coronavirus or SARS-CoV. Worldwide there were 8098 cases, of which 1775 were from Hong Kong and 299 died. While we commemorate the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong's worst epidemic, another new coronavirus virus began to emerge in the Arabian Peninsula since April 2012. As of May 2013, over 40 cases of infections by the new coronavirus (novel coronavirus, NCoV) have been reported, half of which have died. This map shows the distribution of NCoV cases, most of which resident in Middle Eastern countries - Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Most patients have significant respiratory disease. In the United Kingdom there was a family cluster of 3 patients, one of which had history of travelling to Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. More than half of the reported cases have died. While exposure to animal is speculated to be the cause of NCoV infections, human-to-human transmission has occurred, though it does not appear to transmit easily. For members of the public, the same precaution against avian influenza applies - good personal hygiene, avoidance of contact with poultry and wild animals, alertness for symptoms if returning from NCoV affected countries.

十年前,亦即2003年,香港受到新發現的冠狀病毒所引發的沙士疫症襲擊,病毒及後正名為沙士冠狀病毒。當時全球共有8098感染個案,其中香港佔1775人,包括299死亡個案。在我們紀念香港最嚴重疫情的十週年,另一種新型冠狀病毒於2012年4月在阿拉伯半島出現。截至2013年5月,全球共有超過40個確診新型冠狀病毒感染個案,一半已死亡。地圖顯示新型冠狀病毒感染個案的分佈,大部份病者居於中東國家,包括卡塔爾、沙特阿拉伯及約旦。大部份個案呈嚴重呼吸道感染病徵。英國有一個由3名病者形成的家庭感染群組,其中一人曾經到過巴基斯坦及沙特阿拉伯旅遊。根據推測,新型冠狀病毒起源於人和動物接觸。儘管已經出現人傳人的情況,至今未有迅速傳播現象。要預防新型冠狀病毒感染,公衆可參考預防禽流感的措施:包括採取良好的個人衛生習慣、避免接觸家禽和野生動物。如果從有新型冠狀病毒感染個案報告的國家回港,必須留意有沒有出現相關病徵。

Related Article

MERS-CoV 中東呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒

MERS-CoV is the abbreviation for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, a newly discovered virus associated with severe respiratory symptoms in infected persons, largely from countries in the Middle East. "Corona" means crown, which refers to the crown-like appearance under electron microscope. Initially named as NCoV (novel coronavirus), the virus belongs to a common family composing of viruses responsible for common cold, and SARS that caused severe outbreaks in Hong Kong, back in 2003. The virus was structurally similar to coronavirus in bats and other animals. The first case of MERS-CoV infection was reported in April 2012. Scientific evidences suggested that MERS-CoV is a virus infecting dromedary camels, through which human infection occurred, though the exact mode of transmission is not well characterized. Human-to-human transmission has also been documented as a result of suboptimal infection control practice. There is no definitive treatment for MERS-CoV infection and about one-third of infected patients have died from the infection.

中東呼吸綜合症冠狀病毒 (MERS-CoV) 是導致新發現嚴重呼吸道感染的病毒,大部份個案來自中東。冠狀病毒取名於病毒在電子顯微鏡下的皇冠外形。冠狀病毒與引起上呼吸道感染的病毒和2003年香港沙士疫症的沙士冠狀病毒同屬一個病毒家族,結構上與蝙蝠及其他動物的冠狀病毒相似。2012年4月首次發現人類感染中東呼吸綜合症,其病毒當時被稱為新型冠狀病毒(NCoV)。科學研究發現MERS-CoV 主要在單峰駱駝之間傳播,再引致入類受到感染,當中的傳播過程仍未得以破解。人傳人的個案亦已出現,主要和醫療環境下感染控制措施不足有關。時至今日,仍然沒有有效的治療MERS-CoV方法,大約三分一感染者死亡。


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